PRESENT SIMPLE
|
|
HAVE TO / HAS TO
( also have got to…)
|
General (external) obligation /
rules / laws
Some external circumstance makes
the obligation necessary
Impersonal ‘you’ – ( ‘you’ mean ‘people in general’)
|
MUST
|
Your own obligation / personal obligation / rules
Some personal circumstance makes
the obligation necessary (and the speaker almost certainly agrees with the
obligation.)
|
DON’T
HAVE TO
DOESN’T
HAVE TO
(also haven’t got to …)
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It is not necessary / there is
no obligation
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MUSTN’T
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Prohibition
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EXAMPLES
IN THE AFFIRMATIVE AND PRESENT:
I must stop smoking. (I want
to.)
I have to stop smoking. (Doctor's orders)
This is a terrible party. We really must go home.
This is a lovely party, but we've (got) to go home because of the baby-sitter.
Must you wear dirty old jeans all the time? (Is it personally important for you?)
Do you have to wear a tie at work? (Is there a regulation?)
I have to stop smoking. (Doctor's orders)
This is a terrible party. We really must go home.
This is a lovely party, but we've (got) to go home because of the baby-sitter.
Must you wear dirty old jeans all the time? (Is it personally important for you?)
Do you have to wear a tie at work? (Is there a regulation?)
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